The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women

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Smadar Sinai

Smadar Sinai, a member of Kibbutz Ein Gev, is descended from a family of the First Aliyah (1882–1903) who were among the founders of Metullah. She has a B.A. degree from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and an M.A. from Bar-Ilan University, where she is currently a doctoral student. Her areas of study are gender and Zionist history.

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Miriam Baratz

Miriam Baratz was a founding member of Deganyah Aleph, the first socialist Zionist farming commune in pre-state Israel. She advocated for communal childcare and education, and for a cooperative and egalitarian economic structure. The gender paradigm she helped establish at Deganyah set a precedent of egalitarianism for the entire kibbutz movement.