The Ze’enah u-Re’enah is a Yiddish compilation of the Torah and Haftarot, among other sources. The oldest surviving version was published in the early seventeenth century, and subsequent editions show the evolution of Yiddish language over the next several centuries. The Ze’enah u-Re’enah came to be used as a fundamental text for women within Ashkenazi communities, where the work was universally popular.